|
Georgia for Georgians is a political slogan and ethno-nationalist doctrine attributed to Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the first President of the Republic of Georgia, and his supporters.〔Nodia, Ghia, (Political Turmoil in Georgia and the Ethnic Policies of Zviad Gamsakhurdia ), in: Bruno Coppieters (ed., 1996), (Contested Borders in the Caucasus ). Vrije Universiteit Brussel Press, ISBN 90-5487-117-2〕 For ethnic Georgians, the doctrine represented their independence from the Soviet Union, whilst for non-Georgian citizens of Georgia it represents the diminishing of their political and cultural rights within the Georgian state,〔 creating an environment whereby the ethnic minority groups in Georgia are made to feel privileged that they are allowed to live on Georgian territory,〔 and is in part responsible for conflicts which permeate Georgia today. Gamsakhurdia himself said he had never "proclaimed" the slogan and referred to it as "a cynic invention of Moscow's propaganda machine".〔Gamsakhurdia, Zviad (1993), "The Nomenklatura Revanche in Georgia". ''Soviet Analyst'', vol. 21, # 9-10: 6. ((Snippet view ) from Google Books)〕 One of Gamsakhurdia citations, concerning the demographic situation of Georgia's Kakheti region, was "(minorities ) should be chopped up, they should be burned out with a red-hot iron from the Georgian nation.... We will deal with all the traitors, hold all of them to proper account, and drive () all the evil enemies and non-Georgians...!"〔(Modern hatreds. By Stuart J. Kaufman )〕〔(Georgia: The Ignored History. By Robert English )〕 ==Gamsakhurdia era== Whilst both Gia Chanturia and Merab Kostava have been credited with its authorship, the slogan first appeared in April 1989 when political rallies were held in Tbilisi in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic against Soviet rule.〔〔 〕 Along with other slogans such as "The Soviet Union is the Prison of Nations" and "Long Live a Free, Democratic Georgia", "Georgia for Georgians" was the most famous, and worked to attract large crowds to the nationalist demonstrations. In 1993, Zviad Gamsakhurdia denied ever having "proclaimed" the slogan and dismissed it as an "invention of the Moscow's propaganda machine", at the same time accusing the Western mass media of repeating "in full the elaborate lies of Soviet propaganda".〔Gamsakhurdia (1993), ''ibid'' ((Snappet view ) from Google Books)〕 Zviad's son, Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, also maintained that his father never actually said the slogan, and claimed the South Ossetia issue was not about nationality but politics. On 26 May 1991, Gamsakhurdia was elected first President of Georgia with a landslide victory of 86%. Gamsakhurdia's electoral platform proposed measures to "protect" the Georgian state and ethnos:〔 #Mixed marriages would be discouraged, #Citizenship restricted to people who could prove residence prior to Russia's annexation of Georgia in 1801, #Property rights would be limited to people who voted for national independence in a referendum in April, #"Georgia for Christian Georgians" was promoted, despite the official separation of church and state. Gamsakhurdia based his ethnic policy on distinguishing between those in Georgia he labeled "indigenous" and "settlers", or "temporary guests", which led Soviet dissident and academic Andrey Sakharov to call Georgia the "little empire".〔 The more than 1.5 million ethnic minorities who lived in Georgia were considered to be the major threat to the Georgian people, which also resulted in anti-Islamic propaganda being published in the media.〔 In 1989, Gamsakhurdia proclaimed "Today, we are facing a serious problem. Tatars, Armenians and Ossetians have risen to their feet. We must save from foreigners Kakhetia – our holy land!" 〔Aris Kazinyan, "Own game" of Mikhail Saakashvili" Regnum, 09-09-2006 http://www.regnum.ru/english/701498.html〕 Gamsakhurdia claimed the slogan was directed against the Soviet domination of Georgia.〔Dawisha, Karen & Parrot, Bruce (1997), ''(Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus )'', pp. 170–171. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521597315.〕 Once in power, much of the extreme nationalist agenda was put aside, and he frequently sought to reassure minorities that existing political-administrative system would not be changed without the consent of the respective groups and that the cultural rights of all ethnic groups would be respected. In July 1991, the Parliament of Georgia adopted a law granting citizenship to almost all residents of Georgia.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Georgia for Georgians」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|